/*
    *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    *  distributed with this work for additional information
    *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
   *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
   *  under the License.
   *
   */
  package org.apache.mina.core.polling;
  
  import java.net.SocketAddress;
  import java.nio.channels.ClosedSelectorException;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Queue;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
  import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
  import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
  
  import org.apache.mina.core.RuntimeIoException;
  import org.apache.mina.core.filterchain.IoFilter;
  import org.apache.mina.core.service.AbstractIoAcceptor;
  import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoAcceptor;
  import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoHandler;
  import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoProcessor;
  import org.apache.mina.core.service.SimpleIoProcessorPool;
  import org.apache.mina.core.session.AbstractIoSession;
  import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
  import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSessionConfig;
  import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.SocketSessionConfig;
  import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.nio.NioSocketAcceptor;
  import org.apache.mina.util.ExceptionMonitor;
  
  /**
   * A base class for implementing transport using a polling strategy. The
   * underlying sockets will be checked in an active loop and woke up when an
   * socket needed to be processed. This class handle the logic behind binding,
   * accepting and disposing the server sockets. An {@link Executor} will be used
   * for running client accepting and an {@link AbstractPollingIoProcessor} will
   * be used for processing client I/O operations like reading, writing and
   * closing.
   * 
   * All the low level methods for binding, accepting, closing need to be provided
   * by the subclassing implementation.
   * 
   * @see NioSocketAcceptor for a example of implementation
   * 
   * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
   */
  public abstract class AbstractPollingIoAcceptor<S extends AbstractIoSession, H> extends AbstractIoAcceptor {
      /** A lock used to protect the selector to be waked up before it's created */
      private final Semaphore lock = new Semaphore(1);
  
      private final IoProcessor<S> processor;
  
      private final boolean createdProcessor;
  
      private final Queue<AcceptorOperationFuture> registerQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<AcceptorOperationFuture>();
  
      private final Queue<AcceptorOperationFuture> cancelQueue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<AcceptorOperationFuture>();
  
      private final Map<SocketAddress, H> boundHandles = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<SocketAddress, H>());
  
      private final ServiceOperationFuture disposalFuture = new ServiceOperationFuture();
  
      /** A flag set when the acceptor has been created and initialized */
      private volatile boolean selectable;
  
      /** The thread responsible of accepting incoming requests */
      private AtomicReference<Acceptor> acceptorRef = new AtomicReference<Acceptor>();
  
      protected boolean reuseAddress = false;
  
      /**
       * Define the number of socket that can wait to be accepted. Default
       * to 50 (as in the SocketServer default).
       */
      protected int backlog = 50;
  
      /**
      * Constructor for {@link AbstractPollingIoAcceptor}. You need to provide a default
      * session configuration, a class of {@link IoProcessor} which will be instantiated in a
      * {@link SimpleIoProcessorPool} for better scaling in multiprocessor systems. The default
      * pool size will be used.
      * 
      * @see SimpleIoProcessorPool
      * 
      * @param sessionConfig
      *            the default configuration for the managed {@link IoSession}
      * @param processorClass a {@link Class} of {@link IoProcessor} for the associated {@link IoSession}
      *            type.
      */
     protected AbstractPollingIoAcceptor(IoSessionConfig sessionConfig, Class<? extends IoProcessor<S>> processorClass) {
         this(sessionConfig, null, new SimpleIoProcessorPool<S>(processorClass), true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructor for {@link AbstractPollingIoAcceptor}. You need to provide a default
      * session configuration, a class of {@link IoProcessor} which will be instantiated in a
      * {@link SimpleIoProcessorPool} for using multiple thread for better scaling in multiprocessor
      * systems.
      * 
      * @see SimpleIoProcessorPool
      * 
      * @param sessionConfig
      *            the default configuration for the managed {@link IoSession}
      * @param processorClass a {@link Class} of {@link IoProcessor} for the associated {@link IoSession}
      *            type.
      * @param processorCount the amount of processor to instantiate for the pool
      */
     protected AbstractPollingIoAcceptor(IoSessionConfig sessionConfig, Class<? extends IoProcessor<S>> processorClass,
             int processorCount) {
         this(sessionConfig, null, new SimpleIoProcessorPool<S>(processorClass, processorCount), true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructor for {@link AbstractPollingIoAcceptor}. You need to provide a default
      * session configuration, a default {@link Executor} will be created using
      * {@link Executors#newCachedThreadPool()}.
      * 
      * {@see AbstractIoService#AbstractIoService(IoSessionConfig, Executor)}
      * 
      * @param sessionConfig
      *            the default configuration for the managed {@link IoSession}
      * @param processor the {@link IoProcessor} for processing the {@link IoSession} of this transport, triggering
      *            events to the bound {@link IoHandler} and processing the chains of {@link IoFilter}
      */
     protected AbstractPollingIoAcceptor(IoSessionConfig sessionConfig, IoProcessor<S> processor) {
         this(sessionConfig, null, processor, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructor for {@link AbstractPollingIoAcceptor}. You need to provide a default
      * session configuration and an {@link Executor} for handling I/O events. If a
      * null {@link Executor} is provided, a default one will be created using
      * {@link Executors#newCachedThreadPool()}.
      * 
      * {@see AbstractIoService#AbstractIoService(IoSessionConfig, Executor)}
      * 
      * @param sessionConfig
      *            the default configuration for the managed {@link IoSession}
      * @param executor
      *            the {@link Executor} used for handling asynchronous execution of I/O
      *            events. Can be <code>null</code>.
      * @param processor the {@link IoProcessor} for processing the {@link IoSession} of this transport, triggering
      *            events to the bound {@link IoHandler} and processing the chains of {@link IoFilter}
      */
     protected AbstractPollingIoAcceptor(IoSessionConfig sessionConfig, Executor executor, IoProcessor<S> processor) {
         this(sessionConfig, executor, processor, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructor for {@link AbstractPollingIoAcceptor}. You need to provide a default
      * session configuration and an {@link Executor} for handling I/O events. If a
      * null {@link Executor} is provided, a default one will be created using
      * {@link Executors#newCachedThreadPool()}.
      * 
      * {@see AbstractIoService#AbstractIoService(IoSessionConfig, Executor)}
      * 
      * @param sessionConfig
      *            the default configuration for the managed {@link IoSession}
      * @param executor
      *            the {@link Executor} used for handling asynchronous execution of I/O
      *            events. Can be <code>null</code>.
      * @param processor the {@link IoProcessor} for processing the {@link IoSession} of
      * this transport, triggering events to the bound {@link IoHandler} and processing
      * the chains of {@link IoFilter}
      * @param createdProcessor tagging the processor as automatically created, so it
      * will be automatically disposed
      */
     private AbstractPollingIoAcceptor(IoSessionConfig sessionConfig, Executor executor, IoProcessor<S> processor,
             boolean createdProcessor) {
         super(sessionConfig, executor);
 
         if (processor == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("processor");
         }
 
         this.processor = processor;
         this.createdProcessor = createdProcessor;
 
         try {
             // Initialize the selector
             init();
 
             // The selector is now ready, we can switch the
             // flag to true so that incoming connection can be accepted
             selectable = true;
         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
             throw e;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeIoException("Failed to initialize.", e);
         } finally {
             if (!selectable) {
                 try {
                     destroy();
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Initialize the polling system, will be called at construction time.
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying system calls
      */
     protected abstract void init() throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Destroy the polling system, will be called when this {@link IoAcceptor}
      * implementation will be disposed.
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract void destroy() throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Check for acceptable connections, interrupt when at least a server is ready for accepting.
      * All the ready server socket descriptors need to be returned by {@link #selectedHandles()}
      * @return The number of sockets having got incoming client
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract int select() throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Interrupt the {@link #select()} method. Used when the poll set need to be modified.
      */
     protected abstract void wakeup();
 
     /**
      * {@link Iterator} for the set of server sockets found with acceptable incoming connections
      *  during the last {@link #select()} call.
      * @return the list of server handles ready
      */
     protected abstract Iterator<H> selectedHandles();
 
     /**
      * Open a server socket for a given local address.
      * @param localAddress the associated local address
      * @return the opened server socket
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract H open(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Get the local address associated with a given server socket
      * @param handle the server socket
      * @return the local {@link SocketAddress} associated with this handle
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract SocketAddress localAddress(H handle) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Accept a client connection for a server socket and return a new {@link IoSession}
      * associated with the given {@link IoProcessor}
      * @param processor the {@link IoProcessor} to associate with the {@link IoSession}
      * @param handle the server handle
      * @return the created {@link IoSession}
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract S accept(IoProcessor<S> processor, H handle) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Close a server socket.
      * @param handle the server socket
      * @throws Exception any exception thrown by the underlying systems calls
      */
     protected abstract void close(H handle) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     protected void dispose0() throws Exception {
         unbind();
 
         startupAcceptor();
         wakeup();
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     protected final Set<SocketAddress> bindInternal(List<? extends SocketAddress> localAddresses) throws Exception {
         // Create a bind request as a Future operation. When the selector
         // have handled the registration, it will signal this future.
         AcceptorOperationFuture request = new AcceptorOperationFuture(localAddresses);
 
         // adds the Registration request to the queue for the Workers
         // to handle
         registerQueue.add(request);
 
         // creates the Acceptor instance and has the local
         // executor kick it off.
         startupAcceptor();
 
         // As we just started the acceptor, we have to unblock the select()
         // in order to process the bind request we just have added to the
         // registerQueue.
         try {
             lock.acquire();
 
             // Wait a bit to give a chance to the Acceptor thread to do the select()
             Thread.sleep(10);
             wakeup();
         } finally {
             lock.release();
         }
 
         // Now, we wait until this request is completed.
         request.awaitUninterruptibly();
 
         if (request.getException() != null) {
             throw request.getException();
         }
 
         // Update the local addresses.
         // setLocalAddresses() shouldn't be called from the worker thread
         // because of deadlock.
         Set<SocketAddress> newLocalAddresses = new HashSet<SocketAddress>();
 
         for (H handle : boundHandles.values()) {
             newLocalAddresses.add(localAddress(handle));
         }
 
         return newLocalAddresses;
     }
 
     /**
      * This method is called by the doBind() and doUnbind()
      * methods.  If the acceptor is null, the acceptor object will
      * be created and kicked off by the executor.  If the acceptor
      * object is null, probably already created and this class
      * is now working, then nothing will happen and the method
      * will just return.
      */
     private void startupAcceptor() throws InterruptedException {
         // If the acceptor is not ready, clear the queues
         // TODO : they should already be clean : do we have to do that ?
         if (!selectable) {
             registerQueue.clear();
             cancelQueue.clear();
         }
 
         // start the acceptor if not already started
         Acceptor acceptor = acceptorRef.get();
 
         if (acceptor == null) {
             lock.acquire();
             acceptor = new Acceptor();
 
             if (acceptorRef.compareAndSet(null, acceptor)) {
                 executeWorker(acceptor);
             } else {
                 lock.release();
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
     protected final void unbind0(List<? extends SocketAddress> localAddresses) throws Exception {
         AcceptorOperationFuture future = new AcceptorOperationFuture(localAddresses);
 
         cancelQueue.add(future);
         startupAcceptor();
         wakeup();
 
         future.awaitUninterruptibly();
         if (future.getException() != null) {
             throw future.getException();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This class is called by the startupAcceptor() method and is
      * placed into a NamePreservingRunnable class.
      * It's a thread accepting incoming connections from clients.
      * The loop is stopped when all the bound handlers are unbound.
      */
     private class Acceptor implements Runnable {
         public void run() {
             assert (acceptorRef.get() == this);
 
             int nHandles = 0;
 
             // Release the lock
             lock.release();
 
             while (selectable) {
                 try {
                     // Detect if we have some keys ready to be processed
                     // The select() will be woke up if some new connection
                     // have occurred, or if the selector has been explicitly
                     // woke up
                     int selected = select();
 
                     // this actually sets the selector to OP_ACCEPT,
                     // and binds to the port on which this class will
                     // listen on
                     nHandles += registerHandles();
 
                     // Now, if the number of registred handles is 0, we can
                     // quit the loop: we don't have any socket listening
                     // for incoming connection.
                     if (nHandles == 0) {
                         acceptorRef.set(null);
 
                         if (registerQueue.isEmpty() && cancelQueue.isEmpty()) {
                             assert (acceptorRef.get() != this);
                             break;
                         }
 
                         if (!acceptorRef.compareAndSet(null, this)) {
                             assert (acceptorRef.get() != this);
                             break;
                         }
 
                         assert (acceptorRef.get() == this);
                     }
 
                     if (selected > 0) {
                         // We have some connection request, let's process
                         // them here.
                         processHandles(selectedHandles());
                     }
 
                     // check to see if any cancellation request has been made.
                     nHandles -= unregisterHandles();
                 } catch (ClosedSelectorException cse) {
                     // If the selector has been closed, we can exit the loop
                     break;
                 } catch (Throwable e) {
                     ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
 
                     try {
                         Thread.sleep(1000);
                     } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
                         ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e1);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             // Cleanup all the processors, and shutdown the acceptor.
             if (selectable && isDisposing()) {
                 selectable = false;
                 try {
                     if (createdProcessor) {
                         processor.dispose();
                     }
                 } finally {
                     try {
                         synchronized (disposalLock) {
                             if (isDisposing()) {
                                 destroy();
                             }
                         }
                     } catch (Exception e) {
                         ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
                     } finally {
                         disposalFuture.setDone();
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         /**
          * This method will process new sessions for the Worker class.  All
          * keys that have had their status updates as per the Selector.selectedKeys()
          * method will be processed here.  Only keys that are ready to accept
          * connections are handled here.
          * <p/>
          * Session objects are created by making new instances of SocketSessionImpl
          * and passing the session object to the SocketIoProcessor class.
          */
         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
         private void processHandles(Iterator<H> handles) throws Exception {
             while (handles.hasNext()) {
                 H handle = handles.next();
                 handles.remove();
 
                 // Associates a new created connection to a processor,
                 // and get back a session
                 S session = accept(processor, handle);
 
                 if (session == null) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 initSession(session, null, null);
 
                 // add the session to the SocketIoProcessor
                 session.getProcessor().add(session);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets up the socket communications.  Sets items such as:
      * <p/>
      * Blocking
      * Reuse address
      * Receive buffer size
      * Bind to listen port
      * Registers OP_ACCEPT for selector
      */
     private int registerHandles() {
         for (;;) {
             // The register queue contains the list of services to manage
             // in this acceptor.
             AcceptorOperationFuture future = registerQueue.poll();
 
             if (future == null) {
                 return 0;
             }
 
             // We create a temporary map to store the bound handles,
             // as we may have to remove them all if there is an exception
             // during the sockets opening.
             Map<SocketAddress, H> newHandles = new ConcurrentHashMap<SocketAddress, H>();
             List<SocketAddress> localAddresses = future.getLocalAddresses();
 
             try {
                 // Process all the addresses
                 for (SocketAddress a : localAddresses) {
                     H handle = open(a);
                     newHandles.put(localAddress(handle), handle);
                 }
 
                 // Everything went ok, we can now update the map storing
                 // all the bound sockets.
                 boundHandles.putAll(newHandles);
 
                 // and notify.
                 future.setDone();
                 return newHandles.size();
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 // We store the exception in the future
                 future.setException(e);
             } finally {
                 // Roll back if failed to bind all addresses.
                 if (future.getException() != null) {
                     for (H handle : newHandles.values()) {
                         try {
                             close(handle);
                         } catch (Exception e) {
                             ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
                         }
                     }
 
                     // TODO : add some comment : what is the wakeup() waking up ?
                     wakeup();
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This method just checks to see if anything has been placed into the
      * cancellation queue.  The only thing that should be in the cancelQueue
      * is CancellationRequest objects and the only place this happens is in
      * the doUnbind() method.
      */
     private int unregisterHandles() {
         int cancelledHandles = 0;
         for (;;) {
             AcceptorOperationFuture future = cancelQueue.poll();
             if (future == null) {
                 break;
             }
 
             // close the channels
             for (SocketAddress a : future.getLocalAddresses()) {
                 H handle = boundHandles.remove(a);
 
                 if (handle == null) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 try {
                     close(handle);
                     wakeup(); // wake up again to trigger thread death
                 } catch (Throwable e) {
                     ExceptionMonitor.getInstance().exceptionCaught(e);
                 } finally {
                     cancelledHandles++;
                 }
             }
 
             future.setDone();
         }
 
         return cancelledHandles;
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public final IoSession newSession(SocketAddress remoteAddress, SocketAddress localAddress) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public int getBacklog() {
         return backlog;
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public void setBacklog(int backlog) {
         synchronized (bindLock) {
             if (isActive()) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("backlog can't be set while the acceptor is bound.");
             }
 
             this.backlog = backlog;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public boolean isReuseAddress() {
         return reuseAddress;
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public void setReuseAddress(boolean reuseAddress) {
         synchronized (bindLock) {
             if (isActive()) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("backlog can't be set while the acceptor is bound.");
             }
 
             this.reuseAddress = reuseAddress;
         }
     }
     
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public SocketSessionConfig getSessionConfig() {
         return (SocketSessionConfig)sessionConfig;
     }
 }